Peter Johnston · Seattle Systems Builder · Chemist

I make complicated work legible, reliable, and fast.

Project and operations coordinator with a research scientist’s rigor and a builder’s instinct for process. I move between chemistry, construction operations, automation, public-interest data, and the small tools that make each domain easier to understand.

Latest writing

July 8, 2026 Engineering

Forbidden and allowed: what symmetry does to a spectrum

Dissolve cobalt chloride in water and the solution is pale pink; add hydrochloric acid and it turns an intense blue — same ion, same kind of transition, a hundredfold jump in intensity. The gap didn't change; the symmetry did. This post pays the pigment series' oldest promissory note and explains what "forbidden" and "allowed" actually mean — one integral, one parity argument, one character table — and why forbidden bands show up anyway.

#symmetry#group theory#selection rules#spectroscopy#quantum chemistry#pigments
July 6, 2026 Physics

Molecules as circuits — a chromophore as an RLC resonator

An absorption energy gap is a resonant frequency, a transition dipole is charge sloshing across a capacitor, and a linewidth is a resistance — so a dye molecule is literally a driven RLC circuit. This post makes the analogy pay its way, pinning every circuit element to a number from a real chromophore I synthesized, then shows the three places the model quietly stops describing the physics: the hyperpolarizability, the quantum interference in the wiring, and the many-body order that actually sets device performance.

#nonlinear optics#electro-optics#chromophores#hyperpolarizability#quantum interference#circuit analogy
July 5, 2026 Chemistry

One donor, one acceptor, one new band: push–pull chromophores and charge transfer

Aniline and nitrobenzene each absorb only in the ultraviolet. Bolt the amino donor and the nitro acceptor onto the same ring and a new band appears that neither parent owns — lower in energy and brighter than anything either shows alone. This post computes that emergence with TD-DFT, measures the charge-transfer character directly, and uses it to stress-test two density functionals against a failure mode one of them is famous for.

#quantum chemistry#TD-DFT#charge transfer#push-pull chromophores#UV-Vis#psi4#CAM-B3LYP
July 4, 2026 Chemistry

The colors on the palette are energy-level gaps: engineering pigments for permanence

A tube of paint is an electronic-structure problem plus a scattering problem, perceived by an eye. This post builds the mechanism-first taxonomy of color — conjugated π-systems, ligand-field d–d transitions, charge transfer, and semiconductor band gaps — leading with the modern synthetic pigments engineered to fix the lightfastness failures of their historic ancestors, then puts absorption and scattering back together with Kubelka–Munk.

#pigments#color#chromophores#lightfastness#charge transfer#ligand field#band gap#conjugation#Kubelka-Munk
July 4, 2026 Chemistry

How much does correlation really cost? The correlation gap in water, measured

The Hartree–Fock post drew its correlation-gap figure schematically. This post runs the actual calculations — RHF marched up a basis-set ladder to its limit, MP2 and CCSD(T) below it — and reports what electron correlation costs, in hartrees, for one bent molecule of water.

#quantum chemistry#Hartree-Fock#electron correlation#basis sets#coupled cluster#psi4
July 3, 2026 Physics

One matrix element, two experiments: molar absorptivity and the Pockels effect

A companion to the molar-absorptivity post. The absolute height of an absorption band, the refractive index, and the electro-optic coefficient of a poled material are three readouts of one quantity — the transition dipole. Normalizing every spectrum to 1 throws that quantity away. This traces the same matrix element from Beer's law through the two-level model to the Pockels effect, with worked numbers.

#nonlinear optics#hyperpolarizability#electro-optics#Pockels effect#transition dipole#molar absorptivity#spectroscopy
July 3, 2026 Chemistry

Molar absorptivity is a rate constant in disguise

The molar absorptivity in Beer's law looks like a static property of a molecule — a number you read off a table, like a melting point. It is not. The integrated absorption band is proportional to the same transition dipole that fixes the spontaneous-emission rate, so an absorption measurement quietly measures a lifetime. This post follows the chain from Beer's law to the Einstein coefficients and shows why weak absorbers are always slow emitters.

#spectroscopy#quantum chemistry#molar absorptivity#Beer-Lambert#Einstein coefficients#transition dipole#fluorescence
July 1, 2026 Chemistry

Hartree–Fock and the correlation gap: where the orbital energies come from

A water molecular-orbital diagram quotes orbital energies as if they were just there to be read off. This post derives the ground-state machinery — the Hartree–Fock equations, their self-consistent solution, Koopmans' theorem, and the correlation energy that the mean field leaves behind — that actually computes them.

#quantum chemistry#Hartree-Fock#self-consistent field#molecular orbitals#symmetry#electron correlation